EQN(1) DOMAIN/IX Reference Manual (SYS5) EQN(1)
NAME
eqn, neqn, checkeq - format mathematical text for nroff or
troff
USAGE
eqn [ -dxy ] [ -pn ] [ -sn ] [ -fn ] [ files ]
neqn [ -dxy ] [ -pn ] [ -sn ] [ -fn ] [ files ]
checkeq [ files ]
DESCRIPTION
Eqn is a troff (1) preprocessor for typesetting mathematical
text on a phototypesetter. Neqn is used for the same purpose
with nroff (1) on typewriter-like terminals. These commands
are normally used in this or a similar manner:
eqn files | troff
neqn files | nroff
If no files are specified, eqn and neqn read from the stan-
dard input. A line beginning with .EQ marks the start of an
equation; a line beginning with .EN marks the end of an
equation. Neither of these lines is altered, so they may be
defined in macro packages to get centering, numbering, etc.
It is also possible to designate two characters as delim-
iters. Subsequent text between delimiters is then treated
as eqn input. The left and right delimiters may be the same
character; the dollar sign is often used as such a delim-
iter. Delimiters are turned off by delim off. All text
that is not between delimiters or between .EQ and .EN passes
through untouched.
Checkeq reports missing or unbalanced delimiters and .EQ/.EN
pairs.
Tokens within eqn are separated by spaces, tabs, newlines,
braces, double quotes, tildes, and carets. Braces ({}) are
used for grouping. Generally speaking, anywhere a single
character such as x can appear, a complicated construction
enclosed in braces may be used instead. A tilde (~)
represents a full space in the output, a caret (^) half as
much.
The commands described here are an older version (pre-System
V), because the System V version is only available through
the AT&T Documenter's Workbench, which Apollo has not yet
been licensed to sell.
OPTIONS
-dxy Set delimiters to characters x and y. More com-
monly done with delim xy between .EQ and .EN.
Printed 6/10/85 EQN-1
EQN(1) DOMAIN/IX Reference Manual (SYS5) EQN(1)
-pn Change the normal reduction of three points from
the previous size of subscripts and superscripts
to the value of n.
-sn Change point size to the value of n.
-fn. Change font to the value of n.
SPECIAL KEYWORDS
The following list explains the special keywords that can be
used with eqn. In addition to these, keywords such as sum
(Σ) int (∫) inf (oo) and shorthands like >= (>) -> (->), and
!= (≠) are recognized. Greek letters are spelled out in the
desired case, as in alpha (Α) or GAMMA (γ). Mathematical
words such as sin, cos, and log are made roman automati-
cally. Troff (1) four-character escapes such as \(dd (‡)
may be used anywhere. Strings enclosed in double quotes
(``...'') are passed through untouched. This permits key-
words to be entered as text, and can be used to communicate
with troff (1) when all else fails.
sub Produce subscripts, e.g., x sub j makes x .
j
sup Produce superscripts, e.g.,
2 2
x +y
e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2} makes e .
a
over Produce fractions, e.g., a over b yields .
b
sqrt Produce square roots, e.g.,
_____1____
1 over sqrt {ax sup 2+bx+c} results in ________
| 2
\|ax +bx+c
.
n
from,to Introduce lower and upper limits, e.g., lim Σx
i
n->oo0
is made with
lim from {n -> inf } sum from 0 to n x sub i.
left,right
Make left and right characters of the right
height, e.g.,
left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] = 1
| 2|
2 y_
produces |x + | = 1.
Α
| |
Legal characters after left and right are braces,
brackets, bars, c and f (for ceiling and floor),
and `` '' (for nothing at all; useful for a
right-side-only bracket). A left element does not
need a matching right element.
EQN-2 Printed 6/10/85
EQN(1) DOMAIN/IX Reference Manual (SYS5) EQN(1)
pile Create vertical piles, e.g.,
a
pile {a above b above c} produces b. Piles may
c
have an arbitrary number of elements.
lpile Left-justify pile.
rpile Right-justify pile.
cpile Center pile (but with different vertical spacing).
matrix Produce matrices, e.g.,
matrix { lcol { x sub i above y sub 2 } ccol { 1
above 2 } } produces
x 1
i
.
y 2
2
lcol Left-justify a column.
ccol Center a column.
rcol Right-justify a column.
Printed 6/10/85 EQN-3
EQN(1) DOMAIN/IX Reference Manual (SYS5) EQN(1)
dot,
dotdot,
hat,
tilde,
bar,
vec,
dyad,
under Make diacritical marks, e.g., x dot_= f(t) bar is
. ____ ..
x=f(t), y dotdot bar = n under is y = n, and
x vec = y dyad is
-
- x = y.
sizen Change point size to the value of n.
size+n Increase or decrease point size by the value of n.
roman Change font to roman.
italic Change font to italic.
bold Change font to boldface.
fontn Change font to one specified by argument n.
gsizen Globally change point size in a document to the
value of n.
gfontn Globally change font size in a document to the
value of n.
mark Specify the desired line-up point in the first
equation, to line up successive display arguments.
Used in conjunction with lineup.
lineup Specify the place that is to line up vertically in
subsequent equations. Used with mark.
define Define shorthands or redefine existing keywords,
e.g.,
define thing % replacement % defines a new token
called thing that will be replaced by replacement
whenever it appears thereafter. The % may be any
character that does not occur in replacement.
EQN-4 Printed 6/10/85
EQN(1) DOMAIN/IX Reference Manual (SYS5) EQN(1)
CAUTIONS
To make digits, parentheses, etc., appear in boldface, you
must quote them, as in bold ``12.3''.
RELATED INFORMATION
mm (1), mmt (1), tbl (1), troff (1).
DOMAIN/IX Text Processing Guide.
Printed 6/10/85 EQN-5