EXCHANGE — MicroVMS 4.6
Additional information available:
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An OverviewCarriageControlCommand FormatsInvokingRecord Formats
Transfer ModesVirtual DevicesVolume Formats
An Overview
EXCHANGE UTILITY (EXCHANGE)
The Exchange Utility (EXCHANGE) is a utility program that is used
with mass-storage volumes that are formatted for operating
systems other than VAX/VMS. EXCHANGE can transfer files between
these foreign volumes and VAX/VMS native volumes, it can also
perform volume-specific initialization and manipulation functions
on the foreign volumes. It converts the format of the files, as
appropriate, when transferring files between volumes with
different structures.
EXCHANGE performs file transfers and format conversions on:
o DOS-11 magnetic tape volumes
o Files-11 volumes
o RT-11 block-addressable volumes
In addition to transferring files, EXCHANGE allows you to:
o Initialize foreign volumes, and scan for bad blocks
o List directories of volumes
o Delete files from block-addressable volumes
o Rename files on block-addressable volumes
o Write boot blocks on RT-11 volumes
o Mount and dismount foreign volumes
EXCHANGE recognizes all Files-11 volumes on VAX/VMS devices. It
recognizes DOS-11 formatted volumes on 9-track magnetic tape
devices.
EXCHANGE recognizes RT-11 volumes on any VAX/VMS block-
addressable device. Note, however, that of the VAX/VMS devices
RT-11 only supports the following devices:
o TU58 DECtape II data cartridge
o RL01 or RL02 cartridge disk
o RK06 or RK07 cartridge disk
o RX01 or RX02 floppy disk
Also note that RT-11 imposes a size limit of 65535 blocks for the
volume. If an RT-11 volume is created on a device that is larger
than this, the size of the RT-11 volume will be set to the
maximum and blocks 65536 to the end of the volume cannot be
utilized.
EXCHANGE also supports a "volume" which is contained in a VAX-11
RMS file on a VAX/VMS disk. These files are termed virtual-
devices. The virtual-device file may be manipulated as if it
were a block-addressable device.
Files-11 Structure Level 1 or Files-11 Structure Level 2 volumes
are the default for disk volumes initialized by the DIGITAL
Command Language (DCL) command INITIALIZE. DOS-11 and RT-11
volumes are initialized using the EXCHANGE INITIALIZE command.
Since the formats of these volumes are not recognized by VAX/VMS,
the volumes must be mounted foreign, that is, by use of the DCL
MOUNT command with the /FOREIGN or /NOLABEL qualifiers. See the
VAX/VMS Command Language User's Guide for more information on the
INITIALIZE and MOUNT commands.
CarriageControl
The /CARRIAGE_CONTROL qualifier is used to specify the carriage
control attributes of a file. It is useful for Files-11 output
files only.
EXCHANGE /CARRIAGE_CONTROL
Option Function
------------ -----------------------------------------
CARRIAGE_RETURN Implied carriage-return/line-feed control
FORTRAN FORTRAN carriage control record attribute
NONE No implied carriage control
The full meaning of these attributes follows:
Additional information available:
CARRIAGE_RETURN
This attribute indicates that each record is to be
preceded by a line feed and followed by a carriage
return when the record is written to a carriage control
device such as a line printer or terminal. This is the
default carriage control attribute.
FORTRAN
The FORTRAN option sets the FORTRAN carriage-control
record attribute, which means that the first character
of each record is to be interpreted as the carriage
control specifier. This option does not alter any of
the actual data. FORTRAN is only valid with Files-11
output files. The FORTRAN option is incompatible with
stream output to Files-11.
NONE
This option specifies that there should be no carriage
control implied for the file. Each record is assumed
to contain the control characters necessary for proper
formatting.
Command Formats
Most EXCHANGE command strings are very similar to the analoguous DCL command for native volumes. The general form for the EXCHANGE command string is: verb/qualifier file-spec/qualifier[,...] [file-spec/qualifier] The second file-spec is only needed for commands that specify data transfers or require additional parameters.
Additional information available:
Verb
The verb defines the action to be performed by EXCHANGE.
The verb is the same as the DCL command verb that performs a
similar function on native volumes. If no corresponding DCL
command exists, the verb is taken from the command on the
foreign operating system. Valid verbs are:
COPY Copy files from input to output spec
DELETE Delete files from block-addressable volumes
DIRECTORY List names of files on volume
DISMOUNT Dismount a volume
EXIT Return to the DCL command level
HELP Obtain help on EXCHANGE commands
INITIALIZE Create an empty volume
MOUNT Mount a volume on a device (foreign only)
RENAME Rename files on block-addressable volumes
SHOW Show volumes known to EXCHANGE
TYPE Display files on the default output device
Since each of the verbs requires a particular command format
and set of qualifiers, each will be described in an
individual section later in this document. The format and
applicable qualifiers will be described in the later
section.
/qualifier
Any of the qualifiers allowed for the particular verb. Multiple
qualifiers can be used. Some qualifiers affect the action of the
command, others affect only the file-spec they follow.
File-spec
The device name, directory, and/or file name for the EXCHANGE
input or output device. It has the general form:
device:<directory>filename.filetype;version
The following subfield definitions apply:
Additional information available:
device:<directory>filename.filetype;version
device:
The device name can be either a standard VAX/VMS device name
of the form ddcu: or a logical name that translates to a
VAX/VMS device name. If the device field is omitted for a
reference, the current default device is assumed. When a
virtual-device is mounted, a name is created for the
virtual-device which is used as the device name in
subsequent EXCHANGE commands.
The directory on the volume which contains the file. The
syntax of the directory subfield is volume-specific.
filename
The name field file specification for an input or output
file. The exact format allowed for the filename is
dependent on the volume format qualifier used.
.filetype
The extension field of the file specification.
;version
The version number of the file, if supported by the volume
type.
Invoking
You can use EXCHANGE interactively or as a DCL command. To
invoke EXCHANGE interactively, enter the following in response to
the DCL prompt:
$ EXCHANGE
The utility responds with the prompt:
EXCHANGE>
You can now enter any EXCHANGE command string. To return to DCL
from the EXCHANGE> prompt, type EXIT or CTRL/Z.
To use EXCHANGE as a DCL command, append the command string to
the EXCHANGE verb, as shown below.
$ EXCHANGE DIRECTORY DMA1:/VOLUME_FORMAT=RT11
This DCL mode command lists the directory of the RT-11 volume
mounted on DMA1:. In this mode EXCHANGE executes the single
command and returns to the DCL command level. Some EXCHANGE
features, such as use of virtual-devices, require the use of
multiple EXCHANGE commands. Since EXCHANGE can only process a
single command in DCL command mode, features which require a
sequence of EXCHANGE commands are not available in DCL command
mode.
Additional information available:
Qualifiers
EXCHANGE allows two qualifiers on the EXCHANGE verb itself. These qualifiers must be placed immediately after the EXCHANGE verb, they cannot be placed on the EXCHANGE command string. The verb qualifiers are used to define conditions which are to remain in effect for the entire EXCHANGE session.
Additional information available:
/CACHE
/CACHE (default)
/NOCACHE
Normally (i.e. with the default /NOCACHE) EXCHANGE will
attempt to reduce the number of I/O operations which are
required to complete a command. This is done by keeping
certain information, such as the volume directory, in
memory. At the completion of each command, EXCHANGE will
write this information back to the device. The /CACHE
option tells EXCHANGE to keep this information in memory
until EXCHANGE exits or the volume is dismounted. This can
result in improved performance on slower devices, especially
the TU58 data cartridge.
/MESSAGE
/MESSAGE (default)
/NOMESSAGE
In the usual case (i.e. with /MESSAGE in effect), EXCHANGE
will print a status message when a volume is initialized,
when a volume is mounted, and when a volume is dismounted.
If the /NOMESSAGE qualifier is used, the default for
EXCHANGE is to not print any messages for these commands.
This is most useful to keep unwanted messages from appearing
when EXCHANGE is used in a command procedure. For further
information, see the description of the /MESSAGE qualifiers
on the EXCHANGE INITIALIZE, MOUNT and DISMOUNT verbs.
Record Formats
RECORD_FORMAT, CARRIAGE_CONTROL and TRANSFER_MODE Qualifiers
EXCHANGE uses the /RECORD_FORMAT=option qualifier to define the
internal record structure of a file on a foreign volume. An
additional option to /RECORD_FORMAT defines a related attribute
of the records. The carriage control attributes for the file are
defined with the /CARRIAGE_CONTROL=option qualifier. The
/TRANSFER_MODE qualifier can be used to specify that the data
should be copied without translation as records.
EXCHANGE /RECORD_FORMAT Options
Option Function
---------- ---------------------------------------------
BINARY Identifies PDP-11 formatted binary record
format
FIXED Identifies fixed-length record format
STREAM Identifies ASCII stream record format
Record Attribute
-----------------
PAD Sets the character to pad short records on
fixed-length output, valid only with FIXED
The three record format options (BINARY, FIXED and STREAM) are
mutually exclusive; only one of these options may be specified.
Certain combinations of volume and record format and attribute
options are also invalid.
On an input file specification, the /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier
gives EXCHANGE additional information to be used in reading the
file. This is needed when a foreign file structure is not
completely self-describing, or when a special interpretation of
the file structure is needed.
Input record format qualifiers are never required on Files-11
input, since Files-11 stores file attributes that allow EXCHANGE
to correctly read the file. The only option of this group that
is valid for Files-11 input is the /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK option.
In the absence of an explicit transer mode option, however,
Files-11 input files will have an implied /RECORD_FORMAT option
of BINARY, FIXED or STREAM based on the actual record format of
the file. If a Files-11 file is not in a suitable format, use
the DCL command CONVERT to change the file to the desired format.
CONVERT is described in detail in the VAX-11 Record Management
Services Utilities Reference Manual.
On an output file specification, the /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier is
used to specify the characteristics that an output file should
have after it is copied. For Files-11 output, options are avail-
able on the /RECORD_FORMAT and /CARRIAGE_CONTROL qualifier to
provide commonly needed attributes.
EXCHANGE generates Files-11 output files with sequential
organization by default. The default Files-11 output record
format is Variable if the input file is BINARY, STREAM or
Variable format, and FIXED if the input file has FIXED format or
if /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK. The default Files-11 carriage control
attribute is carriage-return.
Three major record structure options exist. These are:
Additional information available:
FIXED[=n]PAD=[%b]cRecord Defaults
BINARY
BINARY record format is valid with DOS-11 or RT-11
volumes. BINARY files (also known as formatted binary)
have variable-length records with headers and checksums
added to each record. Formatted binary file format is
described in detail in the RT-11 Software Support
Manual. BINARY is not meaningful for Files-11 output,
and will produce an error.
On conversions from DOS-11 or RT-11 BINARY input to
Files-11 output, EXCHANGE generates variable-length
records. The output record size equals the input
record size.
FIXED[=n]
Specifying a FIXED format transfer always reads or
writes fixed-length records. No control information is
stored in the file, the records are easily located
since they are all the same length.
The FIXED=n option defines the length of fixed-length
records. In the absence of an explicit length, FIXED
format transfers default to a record length of 512
bytes.
As an input option, specifying a length is only valid
for non-Files-11 FIXED transfers. It is not valid for
STREAM, Variable or BINARY transfers, because the
record length is determined by the delimiters or
control bytes.
If any input records are longer than the specified
length, the records will be truncated and a message
will be printed warning that one or more records were
truncated. If input records are shorter than the
output record, they will be extended with the pad
character. The default pad character is the null
character. An alternate pad character can be specified
with the PAD option.
STREAM
Stream ASCII files consist of ASCII data records
terminated by carriage return/line feed (CR-LF), form
feed (FF), or vertical tab (VT) characters. Stream
files are sometimes called formatted ASCII files. In
transfers from DOS-11 or RT-11 STREAM files to Files-11
Variable files, CR-LF pairs are removed from the end of
records. In transfers from Files-11 Variable files to
DOS-11 or RT-11 STREAM files, CR-LF pairs are added to
the end of each record that does not already end with
LF or FF.
All null (NUL), delete (DEL), and vertical tab (VT)
characters are removed from input records in any of
these transfers. ASCII data is transferred as 7-bit
codes. Bit 7 (sometimes used as a parity bit) of each
byte is masked before transfer.
If the RT-11 or DOS-11 file is (on input) or should be
(on output) an ASCII text file with fixed-length
records, use /RECORD_OPTION=FIXED=n rather than STREAM.
Note that an ASCII stream file that happens to have all
its records of the same length is not the same as a
file of fixed-length records. STREAM files have
records delimited by control characters. FIXED files
have no delimiters; records are located by counting
bytes.
On conversions from DOS-11 or RT-11 to Files-11,
EXCHANGE normally generates Files-11 variable-length
records. The output record size equals the input
record size. Note that the default is
RT-11 STREAM --> Files-11 Variable even though VAX-11
RMS supports stream format. This choice was made so
that a "typical" text file on RT-11 is converted to a
"typical" text file on VMS.
STREAM may not be used with Files-11 output. If a
VAX-11 RMS stream format file is desired, create the
Files-11 variable file, then use the CONVERT utility to
create a STREAM version of the file. Note, however,
that since there are slight differences between the
VAX-11 RMS and the RT-11 and DOS-11 definitions of
STREAM format, such a conversion might produce files
with slight differences in control characters.
PAD=[%b]c
The PAD option specifies which character will be used
to pad input records which are shorter than the fixed-
length output record. The default is to pad with the
null character (value zero). /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK
transfers are not padded.
Pad characters are specified as follows:
Option Character
PAD NULL (00 Decimal)
PAD=c c is ASCII A-Z (capitals), or 0-9
PAD="c" c is any other ASCII character
PAD=%bx x is a number representing
an ASCII character
b is the base of the number.
Values for b are:
D = decimal
O = octal
X = hexadecimal
Record Defaults
EXCHANGE will assume defaults for the record formats if an
explicit /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier is not used. The defaults
depend on several factors, and are chosen so that it will usually
be possible to transfer files without a /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier.
The only option which applies to Files-11 input is the
/TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK option. In the absence of an explicit
/TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK option EXCHANGE will determine the file and
record attributes stored by VAX-11 RMS. Therefore, on the basis
of the actual record format of the file, Files-11 input files
will have an implied /RECORD_FORMAT option of FIXED, STREAM or
Variable.
For DOS-11 and RT-11, EXCHANGE assumes record formats for the
DOS-11 or RT-11 file based on type field of the file name. These
default record formats are:
File Type /RECORD_FORMAT=
OBJ, STB, BIN, LDA BINARY
EXE, %LB, SAV, SML, SYS, TSK FIXED=512
All other DOS-11 and RT-11 file types will be assumed to be
STREAM format when used as input file specifications. When other
file types are used for output files, the default record format
will depend on the record format of the input file.
These defaults will be applied only for transfers between an
RT-11 or DOS-11 volume and a Files-11 volume. For transfers
between an RT-11 or DOS-11 volume and another RT-11 or DOS-11
volume, no reformatting will occur unless explicit record format
qualifiers request a conversion.
In other words, EXCHANGE will usually apply a record format
default to the input file, and let the input file record format
so produced imply the output record format. However, presence of
one of the file types in the above table for an output
specification will override the default implied by the input file
record format.
The following table shows the output record formats implied by
various input record and volume formats. The input format can be
either defaulted, read from the file (for Files-11), implied by
the input file name type field or explicitly stated. Remember
that these default output formats will be overridden by record
formats implied by output file name type fields.
Input Input Output Output
Volume Record Volume Record
FILES11 FIXED FILES11 FIXED
/TRANSFER=BLOCK FIXED
STREAM Variable
Variable Variable
FIXED RT11,DOS11 FIXED
STREAM STREAM
Variable STREAM
Variable (OBJ etc) BINARY
/TRANSFER=BLOCK FIXED
RT11,DOS11 BINARY (OBJ etc) FILES11 Variable
FIXED (EXE etc) FIXED
/TRANSFER=BLOCK FIXED
STREAM Variable
For transfers between RT-11 and DOS-11 the file will be
copied block-by-block unless a format conversion (for
example, Stream to Binary) is specifically requested.
Transfer Modes
The /TRANSFER_MODE qualifier is used to specify the I/O method to
be used in a transfer. This option is useful for all volume
formats.
/TRANSFER_MODE Options
Option Function
----------- ---------------------------------------------
AUTOMATIC Select BLOCK transfer for efficiency if
possible
BLOCK Transfer block-by-block without looking at
records
RECORD Transfer record-by-record
A /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK transfer moves data between devices. No
interpretation is done on the data, therefore BLOCK mode
transfers are more efficient than record mode transfers. The
block sizes on both devices must be identical. Both input and
output must be /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK format. Specifying
/TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK on one parameter will imply
/TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK for the other file or device specification.
A /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK transfer makes an exact copy of the file.
If the output device is Files-11, the file will be a sequential
file with fixed-length 512-byte records. This feature is
primarily used where it is desired to absolutely avoid any
interpretation of the data during the transfer. If the Files-11
file is a sequential file with 512-byte fixed-length records,
there is essentially no difference between a /TRANSFER_MODE=BLOCK
transfer and a /RECORD=FIXED=512 transfer.
A RECORD mode transfer move the data record-by-record. This
takes more time than BLOCK mode, but it is necessary if the input
and output record structures differ.
The default for EXCHANGE is to use AUTOMATIC transfer mode. In
AUTOMATIC mode, EXCHANGE will attempt to use BLOCK mode transfer
whenever it is possible. Block mode transfers are possible going
from RT-11 to RT-11, or between RT-11 and DOS-11, since the
internal file structures are identical. AUTOMATIC wil not use
block mode if either file specification contains a /RECORD_FORMAT
qualifier.
When the /LOG qualifier is used in a copy command, EXCHANGE tells
the size of the file which was transferred. If BLOCK mode was
used, the message will give the file size as the number of blocks
transferred. If RECORD mode was used, the message will display
the number of records.
Virtual Devices
A virtual-device is a VAX-11 RMS file which contains an image of
a foreign block-addressable device. EXCHANGE treats a virtual-
device as a foreign volume.
EXCHANGE must be used in interactive mode to manipulate a
virtual-device. This restriction is necessary because a virtual-
device must be mounted before it can be accessed. Since EXCHANGE
only executes a single command in DCL mode, it is impossible to
both mount and operate on the virtual device in a single
DCL-level command.
The EXCHANGE> MOUNT /VIRTUAL command has two parameters (vs. one
parameter for MOUNT /FOREIGN). The first parameter supplies the
name of the virtual-device, the second parameter is the name of
the VAX-11 RMS file which contains the device image. The
virtual-device name is thereafter used as if it were the name of
a physical device. This virtual-device name is essentially a
logical name which EXCHANGE uses to locate the virtual-device.
For example:
EXCHANGE> mount /virtual disk: virtual.dsk
%EXCHANGE-S-MOUNTVIR, the RT-11 virtual volume DISK: has been
mounted using the file DRA2:<DISKS>VIRTUAL.DSK;1
EXCHANGE> directory disk:
Directory of RT-11 volume DISK: 16-MAR-1983 08:30
using DRA2:<DISKS>VIRTUAL.DSK;1
ANSI.COM 1 16-Mar-1983 QARINV.TXT 3 16-Mar-1983
REASSI.COM 13 16-Mar-1983 SYSCRE.MAC 1 16-Mar-1983
Total of 4 files, 18 blocks. Free space 4944 blocks, largest 4474.
EXCHANGE> copy /log sys$login:work.txt disk:
%EXCHANGE-S-COPIED, _SLOTH$DUA17:<HOBBS.WRKD$.LOGIN>WORK.TXT;10
copied to DISK:WORK.TXT, 73 records
The name "DISK:" is used exactly like a device name. Be careful
not to assign virtual-device names which are the same as any
logical names that you might want to use. EXCHANGE will assume
that any use of the name refers to the virtual-device, rather
than the logical name.
Additional information available:
Creating
To create a new virtual device, use the /CREATE option to the EXCHANGE INITIALIZE verb. Use the /ALLOCATION option to set the size of the virtual device. The default allocation is 494 blocks, the same size as a single-density floppy diskette.
Example
To see an extended example of the use of EXCHANGE virtual devices, please examine the command file SYS$UPDATE:CONSCOPY.COM. This command file is used to make a backup copy of the VAX processor console block storage volume. It creates a virtual device and copies the console files to the virtual device. The restore operation copies files from the virtual device back onto the console volume.
RTEM Virt Devs
With one exception, EXCHANGE virtual devices are identical to the virtual devices maintained by the VAX-11 RTEM (RT-11 Emulator) layered product. EXCHANGE can manipulate RTEM virtual devices, and vice versa. The exception is that EXCHANGE does not fully recognize the RTEM shared virtual volumes. EXCHANGE can be used to read shared virtual volumes, but not to write to them. When the MOUNT /VIRTUAL command is given on an RTEM shared virtual device, EXCHANGE will print a message that one or more directory entries are not in a known format, and that the volume will be write-locked to avoid corrupting the shared volume.
Volume Formats
EXCHANGE uses the /VOLUME_FORMAT=option qualifier to define the
physical format of volumes to be processed. A volume format qualifier
determines what operations are allowed on the volume, and will often
imply certain defaults. A volume format qualifier also determines the
format of the file name and directory specifications.
Table 6-1: EXCHANGE Volume Format Options
Option Function
FILES11 Identifies a Files-11 formatted native volume
RT11 Identifies an RT-11 formatted block-addressable
volume
DOS11 Identifies a DOS-11 formatted magnetic tape volume
Volume format qualifiers must be attached to one or both of the file
specification parameters, they cannot be attached directly to the
verb.
Multiple volumes of different volume types can be specified, for
example:
EXCHANGE> COPY DMA1:*.FOR/VOLUME=RT11,MTA0:<11,132>*.FOR/VOLUME=DOS11 *
Additional information available:
FILES11 VolumesRT11 VolumesDOS11 VolumesVolume Defaults
FILES11 Volumes
Files-11 is the standard volume format maintained by VAX/VMS. The mass-storage formats fully supported by VAX/VMS are ANSI magnetic tapes and Files-11 disk structure levels 1 and 2. EXCHANGE uses VAX-11 RMS for operations on these file structures.
Additional information available:
Device Specs
Files-11 volumes accept the standard form of VAX/VMS device specification as documented in the VAX/VMS Command Language User's Guide. Files-11 disk volumes must be mounted without the /FOREIGN qualifier. The FILES11 option is used when referencing any standard VAX/VMS device, even though the Files-11 structure specifically refers to directory-structured devices such as disks, diskettes, and DECtapes. This is consistent with VAX-11 RMS, which allows unit-record devices (such as terminals) and magnetic tapes to be accessed in a device- independent fashion. If FILES11 is used when referencing a magnetic tape device, an ANSI formatted magnetic tape device will be implied. The tape must have been mounted as an ANSI volume. See the VAX/VMS Magnetic Tape User's Guide for additional information on the use of ANSI magnetic tape volumes.
File Specs
Files-11 volumes accept the standard form of VAX/VMS file specification documented in the VAX/VMS Command Language User's Guide. EXCHANGE allows unrestricted use of logical names in Files-11 file specifications. If device or directory specifications are omitted from Files-11 specifications, the current process defaults will be used. Wild card characters are valid for both input and output file specifications. Version numbers should not be specified as wild cards when the foreign volume does not support version numbers, such as for RT-11 and DOS-11. EXCHANGE permits output file specifications. Any wild card fields in the output file specification take the corresponding name from the input files.
RT11 Volumes
The RT11 option is used to read and write block-addressable volumes in the format used by DIGITAL's RT-11 operating system. EXCHANGE does not restrict one to using devices that are actually supported by RT-11.
Additional information available:
Device Specs
The device name for the RT-11 volume can be either a standard VAX/VMS device name of the form ddcu: or a logical name which translates to a VAX/VMS device name. This device must have been mounted foreign, for example by using the VAX/VMS MOUNT command with the /FOREIGN qualifier.
File Specs
RT-11 volumes do not have user directories, therefore the RT-11 file
specification has no directory field.
The RT-11 character set for file names is the capital letters A-Z and
the digits 0-9. (These are RADIX-50 characters.) The file name field
for RT-11 is six characters, the file type field is three characters.
When a file with a name which is not valid under RT-11 is copied to an
RT-11 volume, the RT-11 file name is produced from the first six valid
characters of the name. The RT-11 file type is extracted the first
three valid characters of the input file type (for input names that
are similar to Files-11 names). Lowercase letters will be converted
to uppercase before the check for a valid file name. For example:
EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG SYS_CREATE.MACRO_32 DMA0:
%EXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, DEVD$:<SYS.SRC>SYS_CREATE.MACRO_32;34
copied to DMA0:SYSCRE.MAC (new name), 937 records
EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG MTA0:"ANSI (A) TAPENAME" DMA0:
%EXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, MTA0:<>"ANSI (A) TAPENAME".;1
copied to DMA0:ANSIAT. (new name), 321 records
EXCHANGE permits renaming a file on a copy operation, so any desired
file name can be supplied for the output file.
DOS11 Volumes
The DOS11 option is used to specify that a magnetic tape is in the format defined by DIGITAL's early PDP-11 Disk Operating System, DOS-11.
Additional information available:
Device Specs
The DOS-11 format is supported on magnetic tape devices only. Therefore, a VAX/VMS device specification for a 9-track tape drive must be present for DOS11 format.
File Specs
DOS-11 volumes only accept directories in the user identification code
(UIC) format, for example <310,22>. The two numbers are octal and
must be in the range 0 through 377. When the directory is specified
in an input file specification, either number or both may be indicated
by a wild card character.
The EXCHANGE DIRECTORY command uses a default directory of <*,*>, so
that all the files on the tape will be listed regardless of the DOS-11
directory. For all other commands EXCHANGE uses your current default
directory, if it is in UIC format; otherwise, it uses your process's
UIC as a directory. If a file that appears in an EXCHANGE DIRECTORY
command is not found by another EXCHANGE command, reenter the command
and specify the same directory which was displayed for the file in the
DIRECTORY command.
The DOS-11 character set for file names is the same as for RT-11, the
capital letters A-Z and the digits 0-9. The DOS-11 file name field is
nine characters long; the file type field is three characters. * When
a file with a name which is not valid under DOS-11 is copied to a
DOS-11 tape, the file name on the tape comes from the first nine valid
characters of the input file name. The DOS-11 file type is extracted
from the first three valid characters of the input file type (for
input names that are similar to Files-11 names). Lowercase letters
will be converted to uppercase before the check for a valid file name.
_______________
* The original DOS-11 file name was a six-character field. The RSX
and VMS FLX Utility extended the six characters to nine, in several
steps as FLX evolved. DOS-11 systems and older versions of RSX-11
might not support nine character file names. These older systems
will only see the first six letters of the file name.
For example:
EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG SYS_CREATE.MACRO_32 MFA0:
%EXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, DEVD$:<SYS.SRC>SYS_CREATE.MACRO_32;34
copied to MFA0:SYSCREATE.MAC (new name), 937 records
EXCHANGE> COPY/LOG MTA0:"ANSI (A) TAPENAME" MFA0:/VOLUME=DOS11
%EXCHANGE-S-COPNEWNAME, MTA0:<>"ANSI (A) TAPENAME".;1
copied to MFA0:ANSIATAPE. (new name), 321 records
Volume Defaults
EXCHANGE will use default volume formats if an explicit /VOLUME_FORMAT
qualifier is not used. The defaults are quite simple, yet powerful
enough so that in practice it is almost never necessary to use an
explicit /VOLUME_FORMAT qualifier.
EXCHANGE defaults to /VOLUME_FORMAT=FILES11 if a volume is mounted as
a native volume, that is, mounted without /FOREIGN or /NOLABEL. This
applies to both block-addressable and magnetic tape devices.
EXCHANGE defaults to /VOLUME_FORMAT=RT11 for block-addressable volumes
(disks, diskettes, and TU-58 DECtapes) that are mounted foreign.
EXCHANGE defaults to /VOLUME_FORMAT=DOS11 for 9-track magnetic tape
volumes that are mounted foreign.
Since EXCHANGE defaults to the current default device if no device is
given, entering a command sequence such as
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN DMA0:
$ SET DEFAULT DMA0:
before invoking EXCHANGE will effectively cause EXCHANGE to default to
the RT-11 volume DMA0: for any file reference that omits a device
specification.