OSF

NAME

gated − The gateway routing daemon

SYNOPSIS

gated [-teiHprRu]

The gated daemon processes multiple routing protocols according to the configuration set in gated.conf file. 

FLAGS

-eLogs all external errors due to EGP, exterior routing errors, and EGP state changes. 

-HTraces all HELLO packets received. 

-iLogs all internal errors and interior routing errors. 

-pTraces all EGP packets sent and received. 

-RTraces all RIP packets received. 

-rLogs all routing changes. 

-tIf used alone, the -t flag starts the -i, -e, -r, and -p trace flags.  When used with another flag, the -t flag has no effect and only the accompanying flags are recognized. Note that when other flags are used, the -t flag must be used with them and must be the first flag given in the command line. 

-uLogs all routing updates sent.  The gated daemon always logs fatal errors.  If no log file is specified and none of the preceding trace flags are set, all messages are sent to the /dev/null file. 

DESCRIPTION

The gated daemon manages multiple routing protocols, including the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), and Local Network Protocol (HELLO).  The gated process can be configured to perform all or any combination of these routing protocols.  It replaces daemons that use the HELLO routing protocol; for example, routed (8) and egpup (8). The configuration for the gated daemon is by default stored in the /etc/gated.conf file, and can be changed at compile time in the file defs.h.  The gated daemon stores its process ID in the /etc/gated/pid file. 

When a routing update indicates that the route in use is being deleted, the gated daemon waits for 2 minutes before deleting the route.  Be aware that unpredictable results may occur when the gated and routed daemons are run together on the same host. 

Start the gated daemon with a log file that you specify on the command line.  You can also enter one or more trace flags on the command line or specify the flags in the traceflags stanza of the gated.conf configuration file.  When trace flags are specified without a log file, all trace output is sent to the controlling terminal. 

By default, the gated daemon forks and detaches itself from the controlling terminal. 

When certain networks are restricted from using the Internet network, the gated daemon uses both the syslogd daemon at the LOG_WARNING log level and the LOG_DAEMON facility to record all invalid networks. 

If you use the EGP when you supply the default route (by the RIP or HELLO gateway) and all EGP neighbors are lost, the default route is not advertised until at least one EGP neighbor is regained. 

The RIP both propagates and listens to host routes.  This allows the gated daemon to handle point-to-point links with consistency.  The gated daemon also supports the RIP_TRACE commands. 

The gated daemon detects changes made to the network interfaces and its own start-up flags while it is running.  Thus, you need not restart the gated daemon if you change the configuration.  However, if the net mask, subnet mask, broadcast address, or interface metric is changed, use the ifconfig(8) command to mark the interface down and then up 30 seconds later. 

Subnet interfaces are supported.  Subnet information is passed through interfaces to other subnets of the same network. 

The gated daemon listens to host and network REDIRECT signals.  The daemon tries to take an action for its own internal tables.  This action is parallel to the action the kernel takes on the REDIRECT signal. 

In addition, the gated daemon cancels (times out) all routes learned from REDIRECT signals in 6 minutes.  The daemon then deletes the route from the kernel routing tables, which keeps the routing tables consistent. 

No routing protocol announces routes learned from REDIRECT signals. 

The gated EGP code verifies that all networks sent and received are valid class A, B, or C networks as specified by the EGP.  The gated daemon does not contribute information about networks that do not meet EGP specifications.  If an EGP update packet contains information about a network that is not class A, B, or C, the gated daemon considers the update to be in error and ignores it. 

Signals

The gated server performs the following actions when you use the kill(1) command to send it the SIGHUP and SIGINT signals. 

SIGHUPWhen a SIGHUP signal is sent to a gated daemon that was invoked with trace flags and a log file, tracing is toggled off and the log file is closed.  At this point the log file can be moved or deleted.  When the next SIGHUP signal is sent to the gated daemon, tracing is toggled on.  The gated daemon reads the /etc/gated.conf configuration file and sets the trace flags to those specified by the traceflags stanza.  If no traceflags stanza exists, tracing resumes and uses any trace flags specified on the command line.  Trace output is sent to the log file specified on the command line.  The output is appended if the log file already exists, and the file is created if it does not exist. 

SIGINTSending the gated daemon a SIGINT signal causes a memory dump to be scheduled within the next 60 seconds.  The memory dump is written to a file named /usr/temp/gated_dump.  The gated daemon processes all pending routing updates before performing the memory dump.  The memory dump contains a snapshot of the current gated daemon status, including the interface configurations, EGP neighbor status, and the routing tables.  If the /usr/tmp/gated_dump file already exists, the memory dump is appended to the existing file. 

Internal Metrics for the gated Daemon

The gated daemon stores all metrics internally as a time delay in milliseconds to preserve the granularity of HELLO time delays.  The internal delay ranges from 0 to 30,000 milliseconds, with 30,000 representing infinity.  Metrics from other protocols are translated to and from a time delay as they are received and transmitted.  EGP distances are not comparable to HELLO and RIP metrics but are stored as time delays internally for comparison with other EGP metrics.  The conversion factor between EGP distances and time delays is 100. 

RIP and interface metrics are translated to and from the internal time delays with the use of the following translation tables.  The first two columns represent the time delay to RIP metric translation, while the second two columns represent the RIP metric to time delay translation. 

CAUTIONS

Unpredictable results may occur when the gated and routed daemons are run together on the same host. 

FILES

/usr/sbin/gated
Specifies the command path

/etc/gated.conf
Contains the gated configuration information

/etc/gated.pid
Contains the gated process ID

/usr/tmp/gated_dump
Specifies the memory dump file

RELATED INFORMATION

Commands: kill, routed(8)