DD(1M) INTERACTIVE UNIX System DD(1M)
NAME
dd - convert and copy a file
SYNOPSIS
dd [option=value] ...
DESCRIPTION
The dd command copies the specified input file to the speci-
fied output with possible conversions. The standard input
and output are used by default. The input and output block
size may be specified to take advantage of raw physical I/O.
option values
if=file input file name; standard input is default
of=file output file name; standard output is default
ibs=n input block size n bytes (default 512)
obs=n output block size (default 512)
bs=n set both input and output block size,
superseding ibs and obs; also, if no conver-
sion is specified, it is particularly effi-
cient since no in-core copy need be done
cbs=n conversion buffer size
skip=n skip n input blocks before starting copy
seek=n seek n blocks from beginning of output file
before copying
count=n copy only n input blocks
conv=ascii convert EBCDIC to ASCII
ebcdic convert ASCII to EBCDIC
ibm slightly different map of ASCII to EBCDIC
lcase map alphabetics to lower case
ucase map alphabetics to upper case
swab swap every pair of bytes
noerror do not stop processing on an error
sync pad every input block to ibs
... , ... several comma-separated conversions
Where sizes are specified, a number of bytes is expected. A
number may end with k, b, or w to specify multiplication by
1024, 512, or 2, respectively; a pair of numbers may be
separated by x to indicate multiplication.
The cbs is used only if conv=ascii or conv=ebcdic is speci-
fied. In the former case, cbs characters are placed into
the conversion buffer (converted to ASCII). Trailing blanks
are trimmed and a new-line added before sending the line to
the output. In the latter case, ASCII characters are read
into the conversion buffer (converted to EBCDIC). Blanks are
added to make up an output block of size cbs.
After completion, dd reports the number of whole and partial
input and output blocks.
DIAGNOSTICS
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DD(1M) INTERACTIVE UNIX System DD(1M)
f+p blocks in(out)numbers of full and partial blocks
read (written)
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