NAME

intro − introduction to system maintenance and operation commands

DESCRIPTION

This section contains information related to system bootstrapping, operation and maintenance. It describes all the server processes and daemons that run on the system, as well as standalone (PROM monitoR) programs. 

Disk formatting and labelling is done by diag(8S). Bootstrapping of the system is described in boot(8S) and init(8). The standard set of commands run by the system when it boots is described in rc(8). Related commands include those that check the consistency of file systems, fsck(8); those that mount and unmount file systems, mount(8); add swap devices, swapon(8); force completion of outstanding disk I/O, sync(8); shutdown or reboot a running system shutdown(8), halt(8), and reboot(8); and, set the time on a machine from the time on another machine rdate(8).

Creation of file systems is discussed in mkfs(8) and newfs(8). File system performance parameters can be adjusted with tunefs(8). File system backups and restores are described in dump(8) and restore(8).

Procedures for adding new users to a system are described in adduser(8), using vipw(8) to lock the passowrd file during editing.

Other programs that are useful when the system crashes or hardware is broken include gxtest(8S) which tests the frame buffer on a workstation, imemtest(8S) which tests the memory, crash(8S) which describes what happens when the system crashes, savecore(8) and analyze(8), which can be used to analyze system crash dumps. Occasionally useful as adjuncts to the fsck(8) file system repair program are clri(8), dcheck(8), icheck(8), and ncheck(8).

Configuring a new version of the UNIX kernel requires using the program config(8); major system bootstraps often require the use of mkproto(8). New devices are added to the /dev directory (once device drivers are configured into the system) using makedev(8) and mknod(8). The install(8) command can be used to install freshly compiled programs. The catman(8) command preformats the on-line manual pages.

Resource accounting is enabled by the accton(8) command, and summarized by sa(8). Login time accounting is performed by ac(8).

A number of servers and daemon processes are described in this section.  The update(8) daemon forces delayed disk I/O to occur and cron(8) runs periodic events (such as removing temporary files from the disk periodically). The dmesg(8) process is invoked by cron and keeps the system error log.  The init(8) process is the initial process created when UNIX boots.  It manages the reboot process and creates the initial login prompts on the various system terminals, using getty(8). The Internet super-server inetd(8C) invokes all other internet servers as needed.  These servers include the remote shell servers rshd(8C) and rexecd(8C), the remote login server rlogind(8C), the FTP and TELNET daemons ftpd(8C), and telnetd(8C), the TFTP daemon tftpd(8C), and the mail arrival notification daemon comsat(8C). Other network daemons include the ‘load average/who is logged in’ daemon rwhod(8C), the routing daemon routed(8C), and the mail daemon sendmail(8).

If network protocols are being debugged, then the protocol debugging trace program trpt(8C) is often useful.  Remote magnetic tape access is provided by rsh and rmt(8C). Remote line printer access is provided by lpd(8), and control over the various print queues is provided by lpc(8). Printer cost-accounting is done through pac(8).

Network host tables may be gotten from the ARPA NIC using gettable(8C) and converted to UNIX-usable format using htable(8).

RCP and NFS daemons include:

/ect/portmap
used by rpc based services.

/etc/ypbind
used by the yellowpages to locate the yellowpages server.

/etc/biod
used by NFS clients to read ahead to, and write behind from, network file systems.

/ect/nfsd
only on NFS servers, the server’s counterpart to /etc/biod.

/etc/ypserv
implements the yellowpages server, typically on each nd server. 

/usr/etc/rpc.rstatd
the server counterpart ofthe remote speedometer tools.

/usr/etc.mountd
the server counterpart to mount.

/usr/etc/rcp.rwalld
used for broadcasting messages over the network.

LIST OF PROGRAMS

ProgramAppears on PageDescription
 acac(8)login accounting
adbgenadbgen(8)generate adb script
acctonsa(8)system accounting
adbgenadbgen(8)generate adb script
adduseradduser(8)procedure for adding new users
analyzeanalyze(8)Virtual UNIX postmortem crash analyzer
arparp(8C)address resolution display and control
biodnfsd(8)NFS daemon
bootboot(8S)start UNIX or a standalone program
catmancatman(8)create the cat files for the manual
chownchown(8)change owner
chrootchroot(8)change root directory for a command
clriclri(8)clear i-node
comsatcomsat(8C)biff server
configconfig(8)build system configuration files
crashcrash(8S)what happens when the system crashes
croncron(8)clock daemon
dcheckdcheck(8)file system directory consistency check
diagdiag(8S)General-purpose stand-alone utility package
dkinfodkinfo(8)report information about a disk’s geometry and partitioning
dmesgdmesg(8)collect system diagnostic messages to form error log
dumpdump(8)incremental file system dump
dumpfsdumpfs(8)dump file system information
edquotaedquota(8)edit user quotas
eepromeeprom(8)Sun-3 EEPROM display and load utility
etherdetherd(8)Ethernet statistics server
fastbootfastboot(8)reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fasthaltfastboot(8)reboot/halt the system without checking the disks
fparelfparel(8)Sun FPA online reliability tests
fpaversionfpaversion(8)print FPA version
fsckfsck(8)file system consistency check and interactive repair
fsirandfsirand(8)install random inode generation numbers
ftpdftpd(8C)DARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
gettablegettable(8C)get NIC format host tables from a host
getty getty(8)set terminal mode
gpconfiggpconfig(8)initialize the Graphics Processor
grpckpwck(8)password file checker
gxtestgxtest(8S)stand alone test for the Sun video graphics board
halthalt(8)stop the processor
htablehtable(8)convert NIC standard format host tables
icheckicheck(8)file system storage consistency check
ifconfigifconfig(8C)configure network interface parameters
imemtestimemtest(8S)stand alone memory test
inetdinetd(8C)internet services daemon
initinit(8)process control initialization
iostatiostat(8)report I/O statistics
kadbkadb(8S)adb-like kernel and standalone-program debugger
kgmonkgmon(8)generate a dump of the operating system’s profile buffers
linklink(8)exercise link system calls
lockdlockd(8C)network lock daemon
lpclpc(8)line printer control program
lpdlpd(8)line printer daemon
mailstatsmailstats(8)print statistics collected by sendmail(8)
makedbmmakedbm(8)make a Yellow Pages dbm file
MAKEDEVmakedev(8)make system special files
makekeymakekey(8)generate encryption key
mc68881versionmc68881version(8) print the MC68881 mask number and approximate clock rate
mconnectmconnect(8)connect to SMTP mail server socket
mkfsmkfs(8)construct a file system
mknodmknod(8)build special file
mkprotomkproto(8)construct a prototype file system
monitormonitor(8S)PROM monitor and command interpreter
mountmount(8)mount and unmount file system
namednamed(8C)Internet domain name server
ncheckncheck(8)generate names from i-numbers
ndnd(8C)network disk control
netstatnetstat(8C)show network status
newaliasesnewaliases(8)rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file
newfsnewfs(8)construct a new file system
nfsdnfsd(8)NFS daemon
nfsstatnfsstat(8)NFS statistics
pacpac(8)printer/plotter accounting information
pingping(8)network debugging
pstatpstat(8)print system facts
pwckpwck(8)password file checker
quotquot(8)summarize file system ownership
quotacheckquotacheck(8)check file system quota consistency
quotaoffqoutaon(8)turn file system quotas off
quotaonqoutaon(8)turn file system quotas on
rarpdrarp(8C)DARPA Reverse Address Resolution Protocol service
rc  rc(8)command script for multi-user reboot
rc.boot rc(8)command script for system boot
rc.localrc(8)command script for multi-user reboot
rdaterdate(8)set system date from a remote host
rebootreboot(8)UNIX bootstrapping procedures
renicerenice(8)alter priority of running processes
repquotarepquota(8)summarize quotas for a file system
restorerestore(8)incremental file system restore
rexdrexd(8C)RPC-based remote execution server
rexecdrexecd(8C)remote execution server
rlogindrlogind(8C)remote login server
rmailrmail(8)handle remote mail received via uucp
rmtrmt(8C)remote magtape protocol module
routeroute(8C)manually manipulate the routing tables
routedrouted(8C)network routing daemon
rpcinforpcinfo(8)report RPC information
rshdrshd(8C)remote shell server
rstatdrstatd(8C)kernel statistics server
rusersdrusersd(8C)network users name server
rwalldrwalld(8C)network rwall server
rwhodrwhod(8C)system status server
sasa(8)system accounting
savecoresavecore(8)save a core dump of the operating system
sendmailsendmail(8)send mail over the internet
setupsetup(8S)Sun UNIX installation program
showmountshowmount(8)show all remote mounts
shutdownshutdown(8)close down the system at a given time
skyversionskyversion(8)print the SKYFFP board microcode version number
sprayspray(8C)spray network packets
spraydsprayd(8C)spray server
statdstatd(8C)network status monitor
stickysticky(8)executable files with persistent text
swaponswapon(8)specify additional device for paging and swapping
syncsync(8)update the super block
sysdiagsysdiag(8)system diagnostics
syslogsyslog(8)log systems messages
talkdtalkd(8C)server for talk program
telnetdtelnetd(8C)DARPA TELNET protocol server
tftpdtftpd(8C)DARPA Trivial File Transfer Protocol server
timedtimed(8C)DARPA Time server
tnamedtnamed(8C)DARPA Trivial name server
trpttrpt(8C)transliterate protocol trace
tunefstunefs(8)tune up an existing file system
umountmount(8)mount and dismount file system
unlinklink(8)exercise unlink system calls
updateupdate(8)periodically update the super block
uucleanuuclean(8C)uucp spool directory clean-up
vipwvipw(8)edit the password file
vmstatvmstat(8)report virtual memory statistics
ypinitypinit(8)build and install yellow pages database
ypmakeypmake(8)rebuild yellow pages database
yppasswdyppasswdd(8c)server for modifying yellow pages password file
yppollyppoll(8)what version of a YP map is at a YP server host
yppushyppush(8)force propagation of a changed YP map
ypservypserv(8)yellow pages server and binder processes
ypsetypset(8)point ypbind at a particular server
ypwhichypwhich(8)what machine is the YP server?
ypxfrypxfr(8)transfer a YP map from some YP server to here

Sun Release 3.2  —  Last change: 1 February 1985