TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
NAME
tip, cu - connect to a remote system
SYNOPSIS
tip [ -v ] [ -speed ] system-name
tip [ -v ] [ -speed ] phone-number
cu phone-number [ -t ] [ -s speed ] [ -a acu ] [ -l line ]
[ -# ]
DESCRIPTION
Tip and cu establish a full-duplex connection to another
machine, giving the appearance of being logged in directly
on the remote host. To establish a connection, you must
have access to a login account (or equivalent) on the
machine to which you wish to connect. The preferred
interface is tip. The cu interface is included for those
people familiar with the call unix command of UNIX Version
7. This manual page describes only tip.
Typed characters are normally transmitted directly to the
remote machine (which does the echoing as well). In
addition, tip uses an escape command mechanism for modifying
its behavior. An escape character (default is tilde, ~)
appearing as the first character of a line signals the start
of a tip escape command sequence; the command character
immediately follows the escape character. (NOTE: For the
purpose of illustration, the tilde character ( ~ ) will be
used throughout the remainder of this command description to
signify the active escape character.)
The following escape commands are recognized:
~<CTRL-D>,~.
Drop the connection and exit (you may still be
logged in on the remote machine).
~c [name] Change directory to name (no argument implies
change to your home directory).
~! Escape to a shell (exiting the shell will return
you to tip).
~> Copy file from local to remote; tip prompts for
the name of a local file to transmit.
~< Copy file from remote to local; tip prompts
first for the name of the file to be sent, then
for a command to be executed on the remote
machine.
~p from [ to ]
Send a file to a remote host. The put command
causes the remote system to run the command
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TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
string cat > to, while tip sends it the from
file. If the to file isn't specified, the from
filename is used. This command is actually a
UTek specific version of the ~> command.
~t from [ to ]
Take a file from a remote host. As in the put
command, the to file defaults to the from
filename if it isn't specified. The remote host
executes the command string:
cat from; echo <CTRL-A>
to send the file to tip.
~| Pipe the output from a remote command to a local
UTek process. The command string sent to the
local UTek system is processed by the shell.
~# Send a BREAK to the remote system.
~s Set a variable (see the discussion below).
~<CTRL-Z> Suspend tip (only available with job control).
~{ Receive a text file from the remote host using
the XMODEM protocol. Must issue the appropriate
command to start XMODEM transfer before giving
this escape to tip. Translation is performed
from CP/M file format (CR/LF) to UTek text file
format (LF). If beautify is set then all bytes
have the parity bit removed for consistency with
UTek editors.
~} Send a text file to the remote host using the
XMODEM protocol. Translation is done from UTek
text file format to CP/M format as dictated by
the protocol. Must issue the XMODEM command on
the remote host first.
~( Receive a binary file from the remote host using
the XMODEM protocol. No translation is
performed.
~) Send a binary file to the remote host using the
XMODEM protocol. No translations are done, the
file is sent as is. The protocol dictates that
the last 128 byte sector be padded with control
Z characters, so this may not be suitable for
transfer between hosts.
~? Get a summary of the tip escape commands.
Printed 4/6/89 2
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
Tip uses the file /etc/remote to find how to reach a
particular system and to find out how it should operate
while talking to the system; refer to remote(5n) for a full
description. Each system uses a default baud rate to
establish a connection. If this value is not suitable, the
baud rate may be specified on the command line; e.g.:
tip -300 mds
When tip establishes a connection it sends out a connection
message to the remote system; the default value, if any, is
defined in /etc/remote.
When tip prompts for an argument (for example, during setup
of a file transfer) the line typed may be edited with the
standard erase and kill characters. A null line in response
to a prompt, or an interrupt, aborts the dialogue and
returns the connection to the remote machine.
The tip program guards against multiple users connecting to
a remote system by opening modems and terminal lines with
exclusive access, and by honoring the locking protocol used
by uucp.
If the verbose variable is set on prior to a file transfer
then tip provides a running count of the number of lines
transferred. When using the ~> and ~< commands, the
eofread and eofwrite variables are used to recognize end-
of-file when reading, and specify end-of-file when writing
(see the Permissions information). File transfers normally
depend on tandem mode for flow control. If the remote
system does not support tandem mode, echocheck may be set to
indicate that tip should synchronize with the remote system
on the echo of each transmitted character.
When tip must dial a phone number to connect to a system, it
prints various messages indicating its actions. The tip
program supports the Racal-Vadic 831 auto-call-units; the
Ventel 212+, Racal-Vadic 3451; the Bizcomp 1031 and 1032
integral call unit/modems; and the HAYES smart modem. This
support is provided by the uucp Automatic Calling Unit
library. Other modems will work if they have an emulation
mode for one of the modems listed.
Installation
Name Permissions Owner
__________________________________________
Files needed are:
/bin/tip -rwsr-xr-x uucp
/etc/remote -rw-r--r-- sys
/usr/spool/uucp/LCK. drwxrwxrwx uucp
Optional files are:
Printed 4/6/89 3
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
/etc/phones -rw-r--r-- sys
~/.tiprc
For Direct RS-232-C Connection
You need the following equipment:
An RS-232-C line to a target system. (Make sure you
are able to login to the target system.)
If you are establishing your connection through a DCE
port (female connector) on your workstation (e.g., a
Tektronix 6130, 4132, 4320 series, or 4330 series
workstation), then you will need a modem adapter cable
(Tek part # 012-1120-00). Its two male connectors plug
into each of the female connectors on the target system
and your workstation. It also switches the control
lines so that two DCE ports can communicate as if they
were a DCE/DTE pair.
Conversely, if you are using your workstation's DTE
port (e.g., a Tektronix 4405/06 Option 15 or a
Tektronix 4310 series workstation), a standard RS-232-C
male-female interconnect cable (Tek part # 012-0911-00)
is required. This connects the workstation's DTE port
(male connector) directly to the login line.
Procedure:
1. Disable logins on the port you are going to use on your
workstation by changing the entry in the /etc/ttys(5)
file. Restart the init process by rebooting or sending
it a hangup signal.
The original line in the /etc/ttys file looks like this:
1yttyXX
Retype the entry so it looks like this:
0yttyXX
XX refers to the number of a tty port on your workstation
that you want to use for your tip connection.
2. Type:
kill -1 1
This sends the init process the hangup signal. The
Init(8) command rereads the /etc/ttys file and turns off
the login on port ttyXX. This prevents a login process
Printed 4/6/89 4
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
from interfering with the port you are about to use for
tip.
3. Use the chown command, specifying the tty port you are
going to use for the tip connection to uucp. For
example, type:
/etc/chown uucp /dev/ttyXX
4. Put an entry in the /etc/remote file that describes the
port you are going to use. For example, type:
direct|direct 9600 baud line:\
:dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#9600:ta:ie=^A\
:oe=^A
5. Using the appropriate interconnect cable, connect the
login line from the target machine to the port you have
chosen on your workstation.
6. Type:
tip direct
and tip will open a 9600 baud connection to the target
host (if you used the examples given here).
For Modem Connection
You need the following equipment:
An appropriate interconnect cable as described
previously.
A modem that is supported by the uucp Automatic Calling
Unit library.
To make the connection, perform the following steps:
1. Disable logins on the port you are going to use on your
workstation by changing the entry in the /etc/ttys file,
as described in the section For Direct RS-232-C
Connection.
2. Use the chown command, specifying the tty port you are
going to use for the tip connection to uucp. For
example, type:
/etc/chown uucp /dev/ttyXX
3. Type an entry in the /etc/remote(5n) file that describes
the port and modem you are going to use. For example,
Printed 4/6/89 5
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
type:
dial1200|1200 Baud Hayes :\
:dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#1200:du:at=hayes:
4. Connect your modem to your workstation using the
appropriate interconnect cable.
5. Invoke tip. For example, type:
tip dial1200 5551212
Sometimes you need to type a carriage return after the
"connected" message to get a prompt.
OPTIONS
-v This option causes tip to display the setting of its
variables as they are done by the .tiprc file in the
users home directory.
FILES
/etc/remote Global system descriptions
/etc/phones Global phone number database
${REMOTE} Environment variable specifying either the full
path name of a private system descriptions file
or a capability entry for the remote system
named in the environment variable ${HOST}
${PHONES} Environment variable specifying the name of a
private phone numbers file
~/.tiprc Initialization file
/usr/spool/uucp/LCK./LCK..*
Lock file to avoid conflicts with uucp
DIAGNOSTICS
These are the most common messages; there are many others.
link down Tip displays this message when it cannot open
the RS-232-C port. This will happen if a cable
is not plugged in or if the cable that is used
does not have the carrier detect pin connected.
all ports busy
This message is displayed when a lock file is
present in the /usr/spool/uucp/LCK. directory
for the port tip is trying to use. This means
that some other user is using this port and tip
is locked out for the time being. If a lock
Printed 4/6/89 6
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
file is present inadvertently, and there really
is no one else trying to use this port, remove
the lock file for it.
Example:
rm /usr/spool/uucp/LCK./LCK..ttyXX
where XX is the number of the tty device you
wish to fix.
VARIABLES
Tip maintains a set of variables that control its operation.
Some of these variables are read-only to normal users (root
is allowed to change anything of interest). Variables may
be displayed and set through the s escape. The syntax for
variables is patterned after vi(1) and mail(1mh). Supplying
all as an argument to the set ( ~s ) command displays all
variables readable by the user. Alternatively, the user may
request display of a particular variable by attaching a
question mark ( ? ) to the end of the command line. For
example, typing ~s escape? displays the current escape
character.
Variables are numeric, string, character, or Boolean values.
Boolean variables are set merely by specifying their name;
they may be reset by prepending an exclamation point ( ! )
to the name. Other variable types are set by concatenating
an equal sign ( = ) and the value. The entire assignment
must not have any blanks in it. A single set command may be
used to interrogate as well as set a number of variables.
Variables may be initialized at run-time by placing set
commands without the escape-s ( ~s ) prefix in the file
.tiprc in your home directory. The -v command line option
causes tip to display the variable settings as they are
made. Certain common variables have abbreviations. The
following is a list of common variables, their
abbreviations, and their default values.
beautify (Bool) Discard unprintable characters when a
session is being scripted; abbreviated be.
baudrate (num) The baud rate at which the connection was
established; abbreviated ba.
dialtimeout (num) When dialing a phone number, the time (in
seconds) to wait for a connection to be
established; abbreviated dial.
echocheck (Bool) Synchronize with the remote host during
file transfer by waiting for the echo of the
Printed 4/6/89 7
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
last character transmitted; default is off.
eofread (str) The set of characters signifying an end-
of-transmission during a ~< file transfer
command; abbreviated eofr.
eofwrite (str) The string sent to indicate end-of-
transmission during a ~> file transfer
command; abbreviated eofw.
eol (str) The set of characters that indicate an
end-of-line. Tip recognizes escape characters
only after an end-of-line.
escape (char) The command prefix (escape) character;
abbreviated es; default value is a tilde ( ~ ).
exceptions (str) The set of characters that should not be
discarded due to the beautification switch;
abbreviated ex; default value is \t\n\f\b.
force (char) The character used to force literal data
transmission; abbreviated fo; default value is
<CTRL-P>.
framesize (num) The amount of data (in bytes) to buffer
between file system writes when receiving
files; abbreviated fr.
host (str) The name of the host to which you are
connected; abbreviated ho.
prompt (char) The character that indicates an end-of-
line on the remote host; abbreviated pr;
default value is \n. This value is used to
synchronize during data transfers. The count
of lines transferred during a file transfer
command is based on receipt of this character.
raise (Bool) Uppercase mapping mode; abbreviated ra;
default value is off. When this mode is
enabled, all lowercase letters are mapped to
uppercase by tip for transmission to the remote
machine.
raisechar (char) The input character used to toggle
uppercase mapping mode; abbreviated rc; default
value is <CTRL-A>.
record (str) The name of the file in which a session
script is recorded; abbreviated rec; default
value is tip.record.
Printed 4/6/89 8
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
script (Bool) Session scripting mode; abbreviated sc;
default is off. When script is true, tip
records everything transmitted by the remote
machine in the script record file specified in
record. If the beautify switch is on, only
printable ASCII characters are included in the
script file (those characters between 040 and
0177) [ also on XMODEM text file receives].
tabexpand (Bool) Expand tabs to spaces during file
transfers; abbreviated tab; default value is
false. Each tab is expanded to eight spaces.
verbose (Bool) Verbose mode; abbreviated verb; default
is true. When verbose mode is enabled, tip
prints messages while dialing, shows the
current number of lines transferred during a
file transfer operations, and more.
SHELL (str) The name of the shell to use for the ~!
command; default value is /bin/sh, or taken
from the environment.
HOME (str) The home directory to use for the ~c
command; default value is taken from the
environment.
Examples of how to set tip variables:
This is how variables are set up in the /etc/remote file:
direct|direct 9600 baud line:\
:dv=/dev/ttyXX:br#9600:ta:ie=^A\
:oe=^A
The ie and oe strings refer to the eofread and eofwrite
variables described earlier. See the remote(5n) manual page
for more details.
This is how variables are set up using an escape-s ( ~s )
command. When tip answers, ~[set] is printed over your
~s. The escape character must be the first character typed
on a line.
Assuming that the dollar sign is your prompt you type:
$~s
tip types:
~[set]
Printed 4/6/89 9
TIP(1N) COMMAND REFERENCE TIP(1N)
You type:
eofr=end_of_file_read_set
RETURN VALUE
[0] No errors.
[nonzero] Errors occurred.
CAVEATS
The full set of variables is undocumented and should
probably be pared down.
REFERENCES
Todino, Grace and O'Reilly, Tim. Managing UUCP and Usenet,
Nutshell Handbooks.
SEE ALSO
uucp(1n), phones(5n), and remote(5n).
Printed 4/6/89 10
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