INTRO(1)                                                 INTRO(1)



  NAME
       intro - introduction to commands and application programs

  DESCRIPTION
       This section describes, in alphabetical order, commands
       available with the UniSoft SYSTEM V operating system.
       Certain distinctions of purpose are made in the headings.

       The following Utility packages are part of the system:

         Basic Networking Utilities
         Directory and File Management Utilities
         Editing Utilities
         Essential Utilities
         Help Utilities
         Inter-process Communications
         Line Printer Spooling Utilities
         Performance Measurement Utilities
         Security Administration Utilities
         Spell Utilities
         User Environment Utilities
         Networking Support Utilities
         Remote File Sharing Utilities

     Manual Page Command Syntax
       Unless otherwise noted, commands described in the SYNOPSIS
       section of a manual page accept options and other arguments
       according to the following syntax and should be interpreted
       as explained below.

       name [-option...]  [cmdarg...]
       where:

       [ ]          Surround an option or cmdarg that is not
                    required.

       ...          Indicates multiple occurrences of the option or
                    cmdarg.

       name         The name of an executable file.


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  INTRO(1)                                                 INTRO(1)



       option       (Always preceded by a ``-''.)
                    noargletter...  or,
                    argletter optarg[,...]

       noargletter  A single letter representing an option without
                    an option-argument.  Note that more than one
                    noargletter option can be grouped after one
                    ``-'' (Rule 5, below).

       argletter    A single letter representing an option
                    requiring an option-argument.

       optarg       An option-argument (character string)
                    satisfying a preceding argletter.  Note that
                    groups of optargs following an argletter must
                    be separated by commas, or separated by white
                    space and quoted (Rule 8, below).

       cmdarg       Path name (or other command argument) not
                    beginning with ``-'', or ``-'' by itself
                    indicating the standard input.

     Command Syntax Standard:  Rules
       These command syntax rules are not followed by all current
       commands, but all new commands will obey them.  getopts(1)
       should be used by all shell procedures to parse positional
       parameters and to check for legal options.  It supports
       Rules 3-10 below.  The enforcement of the other rules must
       be done by the command itself.

            1.   Command names (name above) must be between two and
                 nine characters long.

            2.   Command names must include only lower-case letters
                 and digits.

            3.   Option names (option above) must be one character
                 long.

            4.   All options must be preceded by ``-''.


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  INTRO(1)                                                 INTRO(1)



            5.   Options with no arguments may be grouped after a
                 single ``-''.

            6.   The first option-argument (optarg above) following
                 an option must be preceded by white space.

            7.   Option-arguments cannot be optional.

            8.   Groups of option-arguments following an option
                 must either be separated by commas or separated by
                 white space and quoted (e.g., -o xxx,z,yy or -o
                 "xxx z yy").

            9.   All options must precede operands (cmdarg above)
                 on the command line.

            10.  ``--'' may be used to indicate the end of the
                 options.

            11.  The order of the options relative to one another
                 should not matter.

            12.  The relative order of the operands (cmdarg above)
                 may affect their significance in ways determined
                 by the command with which they appear.

            13.  ``-'' preceded and followed by white space should
                 only be used to mean standard input.

  SEE ALSO
       getopts(1).
       exit(2), wait(2), getopt(3C) in the Programmer's Reference
       Manual.

  DIAGNOSTICS
       Upon termination, each command returns two bytes of status,
       one supplied by the system and giving the cause for
       termination, and (in the case of ``normal'' termination) one
       supplied by the program [see wait(2) and exit(2)].  The
       former byte is 0 for normal termination; the latter is


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  INTRO(1)                                                 INTRO(1)



       customarily 0 for successful execution and non-zero to
       indicate troubles such as erroneous parameters, or bad or
       inaccessible data.  It is called variously ``exit code'',
       ``exit status'', or ``return code'', and is described only
       where special conventions are involved.

  WARNINGS
       Some commands produce unexpected results when processing
       files containing null characters.  These commands often
       treat text input lines as strings and therefore become
       confused upon encountering a null character (the string
       terminator) within a line.






























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